Poverty and livelihood monitoring is undertaken by Dryland Agriculture Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences. During more than one year’s survey, they have visited 327 sample households in 8 sample villages and 4 referring villages of the four counties, and has collected large amount of materials. By analyzing the collected data, Dryland Agriculture Institute has now finished poverty and livelihood M & E report after several times of revision according to expertise. The report seriously analyzes farmers’ basic livelihood and its affecters, and evaluates what CWMP has brought to them, substitute livelihood model, farmers’ participation, and the overall effects of pilot schemes, it also puts forward preliminary index system and evaluation methods of poverty and livelihood M & E, and designs questionnaire, all these achievements can be reference for similar M & E in the future.